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Organised crime in Africa
Black Axe puzzle in South Africa: layers of criminal culpability

This paper explores Black Axe's role in South African crime, showing how autonomous individuals and syndicates utilise organisational networks rather than centralised direction.

29 / 10 / 2025 by Ndubuisi Christian Ani

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Organised crime in Africa
Ghana’s land guards: structure, profile and adaptation strategies

This paper discusses land guards as a distinct organised crime group and offers suggestions on addressing their criminal networks.

10 / 06 / 2025 by Ndubuisi Christian Ani, Feyi Ogunade & Theodora Williams Anti

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Human trafficking
Sierra Leonean migrants carry the cost of their own trafficking

Job seekers in search of better lives in the Middle East are finding themselves entangled in exploitation and forced labour.

08 / 05 / 2025 by Ndubuisi Christian Ani

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Human trafficking
Les migrants de Sierra Leone paient le prix de leur propre exploitation

Des personnes sans emploi, en quête d’une vie meilleure au Moyen-Orient, se retrouvent piégées dans l’engrenage de l’exploitation et du travail forcé.

08 / 05 / 2025 by Ndubuisi Christian Ani

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Mafia-style crimes
Youth gangs in Liberia: motives, structure and illicit economies

This paper focuses on youth gangs as a distinct criminal group involved in violent crimes in Monrovia’s urban centres.

24 / 01 / 2025 by Ndubuisi Christian Ani, Feyi Ogunade & John Kamma

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Mining and extractives
L’exploitation minière illégale cause de nombreux préjudices au Ghana

Le gouvernement ghanéen doit adopter une approche sur plusieurs fronts pour cibler les commanditaires et les agents très influents qui tirent parti de l’exploitation minière illégale.

31 / 10 / 2024 by Ndubuisi Christian Ani

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Mining and extractives
Illegal mining digs up multiple problems in Ghana

The country’s government needs a multi-pronged approach to target the well-resourced sponsors and agents benefitting from illegal mining.

31 / 10 / 2024 by Ndubuisi Christian Ani

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IFFs and money laundering
Lax regulatory systems make Nigeria vulnerable to Ponzi schemes

Ponzi schemers consistently outsmart regulation loopholes and poor enforcement, leaving investors in Nigeria vulnerable.

31 / 07 / 2024 by Ndubuisi Christian Ani

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IFFs and money laundering
Le laxisme des systèmes réglementaires expose le Nigeria aux systèmes de Ponzi

Les fraudeurs à la Ponzi profitent des lacunes de la réglementation et des insuffisances de son application, au grand dam des investisseurs nigérians.

31 / 07 / 2024 by Ndubuisi Christian Ani

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Flora
JNIM cuts a path into southern Mali

Unregulated timber logging economy is at the centre of extremists’ governance strategies and infiltration into the region.

28 / 05 / 2024 by Ndubuisi Christian Ani

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Flora
Le JNIM se fraye un chemin dans le sud du Mali

L’économie non réglementée de l’exploitation de bois est au cœur des stratégies de gouvernance et d’infiltration des extrémistes dans la région.

28 / 05 / 2024 by Ndubuisi Christian Ani

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Fauna
L’interdiction par l’UA de l’horrible commerce de peaux d’ânes

Garantir le respect de cette interdiction est crucial pour les communautés africaines où les ânes ont un rôle vital.

29 / 04 / 2024 by Ndubuisi Christian Ani & Feyi Ogunade

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ENACT is implemented by the Institute for Security Studies in partnership with
INTERPOL and the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime.