ENACT Observer

ENACT publishes original analysis related to transnational organised crime in Africa every week. For queries about our republishing policy, email us.

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Fauna
Kenya’s 10-year plan to save the pancake tortoise

These beautifully patterned creatures face extinction due to habitat loss, land clearance, the illegal pet trade and climate change.

30 / 09 / 2025 by Halkano Wario & Noor Ali

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Cross-border smuggling
Sudan’s war drives illicit car trade into Chad

Porous borders and limited law enforcement enable this criminal economy in border regions between the two countries.

29 / 09 / 2025 by Oluwole Ojewale

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Fauna
Ant smuggling and biopiracy threaten Kenya’s ecology

Trafficking ants from Africa to Europe and Asia endangers local biodiversity and risks the spread of invasive species in destination countries.

26 / 09 / 2025 by Willis Okumu & Valtino Omolo

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IFFs and money laundering
Can anti-money laundering amendments get Kenya off FATF’s grey list?

The country’s new anti-money laundering and anti-terror financing amendments target deficiencies cited by the Financial Action Task Force.

09 / 09 / 2025 by Halkano Wario

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Arms trafficking
Le conflit en RDC alimente la contrebande dans le bassin du lac Tanganyika

La forte circulation d’armes illégales à travers les frontières du pays aggrave l’insécurité dans toute la région.

05 / 08 / 2025 by Mugah Michael Sitawa

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Arms trafficking
DRC conflict drives arms smuggling in the Lake Tanganyika Basin

The abundance of illegal weapons circulating in and out of the country is entrenching insecurity across the region.

05 / 08 / 2025 by Mugah Michael Sitawa

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Mining and extractives
Poverty fuels child labour at Nigeria’s illegal oil refineries

Children volunteer or are encouraged by seeing the benefits that peers and adults derive from this dangerous work.

24 / 07 / 2025 by Oluwole Ojewale & Dengiyefa Angalapu

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Emerging crimes
Access to precursor chemicals fuels synthetic drug production in Kenya

Entry of Mexican drug cartels points to expanded synthetic drug manufacturing capacity in East Africa.

21 / 07 / 2025 by Valtino Omolo

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