ENACT builds knowledge and skills to enhance Africa’s
response to transnational organised crime

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Organised crime index
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Fauna
Kenya’s 10-year plan to save the pancake tortoise

These beautifully patterned creatures face extinction due to habitat loss, land clearance, the illegal pet trade and climate change.

30 / 09 / 2025 by Halkano Wario & Noor Ali

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Cross-border smuggling
Sudan’s war drives illicit car trade into Chad

Porous borders and limited law enforcement enable this criminal economy in border regions between the two countries.

29 / 09 / 2025 by Oluwole Ojewale

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Fauna
Ant smuggling and biopiracy threaten Kenya’s ecology

Trafficking ants from Africa to Europe and Asia endangers local biodiversity and risks the spread of invasive species in destination countries.

26 / 09 / 2025 by Willis Okumu & Valtino Omolo

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IFFs and money laundering
Can anti-money laundering amendments get Kenya off FATF’s grey list?

The country’s new anti-money laundering and anti-terror financing amendments target deficiencies cited by the Financial Action Task Force.

09 / 09 / 2025 by Halkano Wario

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Human trafficking
Voluntariness: women on the victim-offender spectrum in organised crime

Current trafficking laws inadequately address women who transition from victims to perpetrators within criminal networks.

25 / 09 / 2025 by Nasreen Solomons & Harsha Gihwala

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Maritime
Securing Africa's South Atlantic: a risk assessment of organised maritime crime

This paper assesses organised maritime crime off Angola, Namibia and South Africa and suggests ways to strengthen regional maritime security.

11 / 09 / 2025 by Carina Bruwer

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Mining and extractives
Informality and criminality in East Africa’s gold trade

While artisanal gold mining supports millions of livelihoods across the region, inadequate legal frameworks enable organised criminal activities throughout the sector.

01 / 07 / 2025 by Willis Okumu & Halkano Wario

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Human trafficking
Trafficking in women in West and North Africa and towards Europe

Criminal networks exploit women through deceptive recruitment, digital control and regional trafficking for sexual exploitation across Africa and Europe.

13 / 06 / 2025

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ENACT is implemented by the Institute for Security Studies in partnership with
INTERPOL and the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime.