Countries

ENACT covers all regions in Africa. Click on a country or region for more information.

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Organised crime in Africa
Black Axe puzzle in South Africa: layers of criminal culpability

This paper explores Black Axe's role in South African crime, showing how autonomous individuals and syndicates utilise organisational networks rather than centralised direction.

29 / 10 / 2025 by Ndubuisi Christian Ani

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Human trafficking
Voluntariness: women on the victim-offender spectrum in organised crime

Current trafficking laws inadequately address women who transition from victims to perpetrators within criminal networks.

25 / 09 / 2025 by Nasreen Solomons & Harsha Gihwala

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Maritime
Securing Africa's South Atlantic: a risk assessment of organised maritime crime

This paper assesses organised maritime crime off Angola, Namibia and South Africa and suggests ways to strengthen regional maritime security.

11 / 09 / 2025 by Carina Bruwer

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Mining and extractives
Informality and criminality in East Africa’s gold trade

While artisanal gold mining supports millions of livelihoods across the region, inadequate legal frameworks enable organised criminal activities throughout the sector.

01 / 07 / 2025 by Willis Okumu & Halkano Wario

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ENACT is funded by the European Union
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ENACT is implemented by the Institute for Security Studies in partnership with
INTERPOL and the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime.