05 Dec 2025

Organised crime in Africa / Illicit trade on inland waterways: the case of Lake Tanganyika

This paper examines illicit trade on Lake Tanganyika, where weak governance and regional instability enable smuggling, trafficking and illegal fishing.

Africa’s Great Lakes are vital for biodiversity-related income generation, water for consumption and agriculture, transporting goods and delivering services, and cultural identity. But they are at risk from unsustainable human activities, including climate change and pollution, and because of their cash-generating potential. These threats are intensified when lake borders are shared by multiple countries with unequal access to transboundary resources. Contestation around lake resources can lead to insecurity along their shores.

 

About the authors

Willis Okumu is an ENACT Senior Researcher at the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), Nairobi.

Carina Bruwer was an ENACT Senior Researcher at ISS Pretoria before becoming a Unit Manager at Endangered Wildlife Trust in Pretoria.

Valtino Omolo is an ENACT Research Officer at ISS, Nairobi.

Mugah Michael Sitawa is a Researcher at the Central Africa Observatory on Organised Crimes and Violence at ISS, Yaounde, Cameroon.

 

Cover image: Brian Harries/Flickr

Related

More +

EU Flag
ENACT is funded by the European Union
ISS Donors
Interpol
Global
ENACT is implemented by the Institute for Security Studies in partnership with
INTERPOL and the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime.