High cost of South Africa's illegal mining

Mining and extractives / High cost of South Africa's illegal mining

Illegal mining costs the state billions of rand in lost tax revenue – losses linked organised to crime.

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Organised crime in Africa

Lake Tanganyika: tackling organised crime in inland waterways

Illicit economies in the Lake Tanganyika basin are fuelled by poor regional coordination against transnational organised crime.

Organised crime in Africa

Sudan’s storm of Typhon: RSF’s rise and the chaos economy

This paper examines how the Rapid Support Forces' power is built on multiple interlocking illicit economies, including gold smuggling, extortion and war profiteering.

14 / 11 / 2025 by JR Mailey

Mining and extractives

Poverty fuels child labour at Nigeria’s illegal oil refineries

Children volunteer or are encouraged by seeing the benefits that peers and adults derive from this dangerous work.

Mining and extractives

Informality and criminality in East Africa’s gold trade

While artisanal gold mining supports millions of livelihoods across the region, inadequate legal frameworks enable organised criminal activities throughout the sector.

01 / 07 / 2025 by Willis Okumu & Halkano Wario

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ENACT is funded by the European Union

ENACT is implemented by the Institute for Security Studies in partnership with
INTERPOL and the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime.

Mining and extractives / High cost of South Africa's illegal mining

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Organised crime in Africa

Lake Tanganyika: tackling organised crime in inland waterways

Organised crime in Africa

Sudan’s storm of Typhon: RSF’s rise and the chaos economy

Mining and extractives

Poverty fuels child labour at Nigeria’s illegal oil refineries

Mining and extractives

Informality and criminality in East Africa’s gold trade